Ethiopia population growth rate 10 years; 5 years; 1 year; main data; all data; Year Total Male Female Sex Ratio Growth rate Birth rate Death rate Fertility Dec 17, 2024 · Graph and download economic data for Population Growth for Ethiopia (SPPOPGROWETH) from 1961 to 2023 about Ethiopia, population, and rate. Nov 27, 2024 · The total population of Ethiopia is estimated to surpass 150 million after ten years by 2035, a new report said. Urbanization and improved healthcare have contributed to this trend. The total population in Ethiopia is projected at 128,691,692, or 128. The population of Ethiopia is projected at 132,059,767, or 132. Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t, expressed as a percentage . Ethiopia's population expanded significantly between 1990 and 2023, rising from 47. 4% growth in the fiscal year 2021/22. 8 3. However, economic development does not keep pace with population increase. 65% of the total world population. Definition: Annual population growth rate for year t is the exponential rate of growth of midyear population from year t-1 to t 2021. 4 in 2005; contraceptive prevalence (CPR) increased from less than 5% in 1990 to about 15% in 2005; infant mortality (IMR) decreased from 97/1,000 Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Addis Ababa, Ethiopia metro area from 1950 to 2025. United Nations projections are also included through the year 2100. 9 million, annual population growth rate of 2. 2 gives a marked contrast to the population growth rates In 1950, Ethiopia population was 18128034 and this continuously increasing at growth rate of average 0. 1 c: Population age distribution (0-14/60+ years old, %) 44. View Details. 65% was reached in 1993 0. 57 years old and a median female age of 20. Ethiopia ranks number 10 in the list of countries (and dependencies) by population. 8% in GDP per capita. Oct 8, 2024 · Ethiopia aims to reach lower-middle-income status by 2025. 43% in 2025. 0 35-50 1. If current trends in fertility continue, Ethiopia’s population growth rate will decline to 2. Ethiopia's population structure shows a nearly equal male to female ratio of 1. 6% between 1994 and 2007, down from 2. [7] Jul 29, 2024 · IMF Office in The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia Office Information. ) Definition: The average annual percent change in the population, resulting from a surplus (or deficit) of births over deaths and the balance of migrants entering and leaving a country. In 2023, about 23% of Ethiopia’s population lived in urban areas (a rise from 21% in 2019), a share which is relatively low when compared to low as rapid population growth tends to depress savings per capita and retards growth of physical capital per worker. 63% of the world's total's population. Recently others stressed population growth and other population issues showed be viewed in cultural context. 1%, compared to 49. 632% of the world's population. Posted to www. 6036 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Ethiopia ranks 14th when compared to other countries population. Population aged 0-14, percent: Proportion of the population between age 0 and age 14. Figure 1. 5 % in 2017. 48% decline in 2007, population growth rate slumped by 8. 9 in the 1995 – 2009 periods after which an evident decline was noted. For example, the year 2022 in the graph: The population in Ethiopia increased by about 3,246,000 inhabitants. 50% 2. 2% Rural 76. Fertility in Ethiopia. Ethiopia: Population growth from 2013 to 2023 (compared to previous year) (GDP) growth rate in Ethiopia 2029 Basic Statistic Ethiopia: Share in global GDP Sep 18, 2021 · Population growth rate: 2. Ethiopia’s young population is also reflected in the low median age and high dependency ratio. 15 percent per year. Despite these challenges, Ethiopia is on the path to a population age structure that may enable it to experience a demographic dividend. view 8 photos. 5 % in 2016 to 2. Derived from total population. 83% increase from 2021. The Population of Ethiopia (1950 - 2025) chart plots the total population count as of July 1 of each year, from 1950 to 2025. Since the 1. urban population growth rate, 2000-2030. 07 million and a population growth rate of 2. The city is a thriving urban area in Ethiopia, and the jobs available in Addis Ababa, the availability of clean drinking water and plumbing, and the many shops and businesses ensure that growth will continue to be Generally, in Ethiopia, the rate of urbanization is higher than the national population growth rate (2. 8% increase from 2022. The urban population growth rate was above 4%, while the growth rate for rural areas was around 2,6%. , 2020). In addition, population growth (human and livestock) increases demand for land and affects land rights (Abdulahi, 2005(Abdulahi, , 2010, thus increasing land scarcity (Feldt et al. 9 Fertility rate, total f (live births per woman) 5. The continued growth of Ethiopia’s population is certain under any plausible scenario, although the rate of growth might decrease. 2, we discuss about population growth rate where the population growth rate is calculated as the division of birth deaths over population size. Ethiopia has a population of 1. 6 per cent (figure 2). Population growth and Environment in Ethiopia. Concerning population growth, Ethiopia’s 2019/20 annual GDP growth rate of 6. 23 million in 2025. 88% and in 1992 the population growth of Ethiopia rate was doubled and becomes 3. GDP Growth Rate in 2023 was 6. Ethiopia's population growth rate is projected to decrease in the future. 9% per year, and increased to 3. 8 40. As the graph below shows, over the past 59 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 3. 53%, which means the country adds nearly 3 million people annually. 00% 2. World Population Prospects: 2024 Revision; ( 2 ) Statistical The population was only about nine million in the 19th century. Rate of natural increase is approximately 2. Dec 21, 2022 · total population growth rate v. 4: 4. 55% increase from 2022. 6 deaths/1,000 population Life expectancy at birth: 68. Ethiopia population density. 7/mi 2) as of April 2025. Jan 1, 2021 · Moreover, as depicted in Figure 4 below, Ethiopia is also a country with the fastest population growth rate on average in s ub -Saharan Africa, among l ow -income countries, and the world. Ethiopia from The World Bank: Data. Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) age 14 or younger in 2012. Aug 9, 2024 · In 1800, the population of Ethiopia was 2. 99 for working age), dependency ratio is 72. 6 (2023) Trend. Ethiopia - Urban population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2025. 4: 21. Population growth rate: 2. Economic Growth: Implications for Population Growth Percentage GDP growth in Figure 10. by 2050 (0c) Value 3. 9% increase from As of midyear 2020, Ethiopia had a population of 114. 8%. In prior years, growth has been as much as 8%. 6 / 57. During 1980-85, Ethiopia’s population was growing at the rate of 2. 00 to 1, with a median male age of 19. 521%. Migration (including immigration and emigration) decreases population by 12,000 people yearly. 52% increase from 2023. 5 percent per year), Ethiopia experienced a 20 percent faster urban population growth rate (UNDESA 2015). 8 9. According to the United Nations, that number will rise from an estimated 117 million in 2020 to almost 150 million in 2030, a projected selected indicators* avg. 3 Intercensal growth rates by region: 1994 and 2007 12 Figure 2. Download data. 92 children born/woman Sex ratio of population: 0. Jan 1, 2010 · The population growth rate declined from 2. Youth population in Aug 1, 2019 · Ethiopia is Africa’s oldest independent state and second most populous nation, with a total population of 90. 5 days ago · Population of Ethiopia as of today. The total land area is 1,000,000 Km2 challenges this brings with it (ILO, 2020a). 52 percent. 58 percent, the 21st highest among 237 countries and dependent territories. Country Flag. 89 million females in Ethiopia. Ethiopia, 2021. 5% (2021 est. The population was only about nine million in the 19th century. 5 million. Population aged 10-19, percent: Proportion of the population between age 10 and age 19. More than 70% of Ethiopia’s population is still employed in the agricultural sector Ethiopia - Historical Population Growth Rate Data Year Population Growth Rate Growth Rate; 2025: 132,938,555: 2. 52% from 2. Population growth (annual %) Most recent value (2023) 2. 31 years old. Like most other Sub-Saharan countries, Ethiopia experienced slow but steady growth for much of the 18 th century, and growth which would Mar 31, 2025 · Photos of Ethiopia. Table 1: Urban and rural population growth in Ethiopia at Nov 14, 2022 · The growth rate dropped below 1% in 2020, a trend that is likely to continue. Figure 1A: Population of Ethiopia and Growth Rate (2023 and historical) Source: [1] Table 1B: Ethiopia Population Projection Year Population Yearly % Change Yearly Median Age Total Fertility Rate World Pop Density (P/Km²) Urban Pop % Urban Population Country's Share of World Population Ethiopia Global Rank Ethiopia Population History. Compared to the urban growth rate of Africa (3. 9 / 64. Show by. 02%. 2 b: Urban population growth rate f (average annual %) 4. Urban population (% of total population) 17. 5 percent, each year. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. Gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate in Ethiopia 2029; Ethiopia: Share in global GDP adjusted for PPP 2029; Basic Statistic Population growth in Ethiopia 2023; Basic Statistic Population, GDP, life expectancy, birth rate and other key metrics for Ethiopia. 58%, sex ratio is 1 (0. 5 percent). 00% 3. 99 male(s)/female Mortality Death rate: 5. 54 as of 2020. 5% of the population of Ethiopia is urban (30,487,323 people in 2025) Population Density. Working age population will be more than 60% of total population at year 2035. Ethiopia 2050: Population Growth and Development By Aynalem Adugna1 Citation: Aynalem Adugna (2019). 1 Population pyramid of Ethiopia: 2007 14 Figure 2. 6: 65. 17 million males and 65. 9 million to 126. However, this rapid population growth poses significant challenges for Ethiopia. 57% increase from 2021. 6%, peaking at 4. Total population reaches its peak in 2100 at 367,289,600. 4 Percentage distribution of major ethnic groups 17 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) Malaria cases reported; Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population) Physicians (per 1,000 people) Population ages 65 and above (% of total) Population growth (annual %) Population growth rate of Ethiopia fell by 1. [7] The size of the informal economy: It is estimated that 32% of Ethiopia's economic activity occurs outside the formal sector. 8 per cent and well above the global average of 0. 6: Total Fertility Rate: Ethiopia and sub-Saharan Africa Addis Ababa: Development Indicators, 2015 Indicator Population, 2013 (millions) Population, 2037 (millions) Population growth rate (%) Per capita daily water consumption (liter) Annual GDP growth Increase in mean annual rainfall by 2050 (%) Increase in mean annual temp. A new report, ‘Population Trends Across the Globe’, published today by US Census Bureau, shows that the total population of Ethiopia that will be (124. 3 c: Life expectancy at birth f (females/males, years) 60. In 1980, the population growth rate of Ethiopia was around 1. Outdated GDP base year data: Many countries use outdated base years for their GDP calculations, leading to an underestimation of economic growth. Tel: (251-11) 662-7800 Tel: (251-11) 5176161 Tel: (251-11) 8603791 Oct 21, 2024 · Population Growth and Density. Addis Abeba: Ethiopia Dec 28, 2021 · note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) Malaria cases reported; Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population) Physicians (per 1,000 people) Population ages 65 and above (% of total) Population growth (annual %) Population of Ethiopia as of January 1, 2022 = 119,346,275 The highest ever growth rate of 3. ) note: estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; this can result in lower life expectancy, higher infant mortality, higher death rates, lower population growth rates, and changes in the distribution of population by age and sex than would otherwise be expected Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) Completeness of death registration with cause-of-death information (%) Dec 13, 2023 · Ethiopia’s rapid population growth is putting increasing pressure on land resources, expanding environmental degradation, and raising vulnerability to food Population, total - Ethiopia from The World Bank: Data. 9: 67. Jun 13, 2023 · In Fig. 23 in 1978. 2 million in 2025), is estimated to reach 150. 50% 1. The percentage of the male population is 50. 06 million, as of July 1, 2024. 6%. 00% 1. Since 1995-2000, the population growth rate has been declining and in 2010-2015, Ethiopia’s population growth rate was estimated at 2. 3 per cent, somewhat above the African average youth population growth rate of 2. On the Jan 6, 2025 · Ethiopia's urban population has been growing by more than 2% yearly since 2008 - one of the highest rates in Africa, driven by population growth, economic development and rural-to- urban migration. This Ethiopia 2025 population is estimated at 135,472,051 people at mid year. 8% during the period 1983–1994. 3: 19. Ethiopia uses a 9 year old GDP base year. This page provides the latest reported value for - Ethiopia Population - plus previous releases, historical high and low, short-term forecast and long-term prediction, economic calendar, survey consensus and news. The population growth rate of Ethiopia currently stands at 2. Ethiopia’s 2022 population totals 123 million and is growing at an annual rate of 2. Ethiopia 2050: Population Growth and Development. This is a decrease by 0. [6] The 2007 Population and Housing Census results show that the population of Ethiopia grew at an average annual rate of 2. Population growth is the basis for expansion and development of urban centers. Ethiopia urban population for 2022 was 27,959,125, a 4. Ethiopia's grew at 2. Ethiopia urban population for 2021 was 26,671,558, a 4. 5% (Figure 4). Between 2000 and 2022, the youth population of Ethiopia is estimated to have increased at an average annual rate of 3. 5 million people in 2023, according to the latest census figures and projections from Trading Economics. 4 children per woman in 1990 to 5. 2 percent per year between 1994 and 2015, far outpacing the overall population growth rate of 2. 3 Jun 18, 2024 · Ethiopia’s population is high due to several factors, including a high birth rate, relatively low life expectancy, and cultural and economic factors that contribute to large family sizes. 79% annually, but has since declined to approximately 2. Mar 14, 2024 · Frequently Asked Questions On Population Dynamics In Ethiopia: Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities What Are The Population Growth Trends In Ethiopia? Ethiopia’s population has been steadily increasing, with a current growth rate of around 2. 00% 0. 6 percent, 1 making it the second highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). 1: Trend in Total Population size and Growth Rate: 2008-2037 Figure 4. 29 percent). 8% in 2030-35. The population growth rate of Ethiopia in 2025 is 2. Ethiopia’s urban population grew 4. Apr 10, 2024 · Ethiopia’s population is growing rapidly, possibly as a result of the three most important factors: a high birth rate, a low mortality rate, and rising net migration. Ethiopia - Population growth (annual %) - actual values, historical data, forecasts and projections were sourced from the World Bank on April of 2025. Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) Malaria cases reported; Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population) Physicians (per 1,000 people) Population ages 65 and above (% of total) Population growth (annual %) The population of Ethiopia is expected to grow by 2,693,000 in 2025 and reach 128,818,000 in 2026. 5 people per square kilometer (301. The population growth rate in 2024 is projected at 2. Country Map total population growth rate v. 6% in the last year and is ranked the 2nd most populated country in Africa, ahead of Egypt. Total area is the sum of land and water areas within international boundaries and coastlines of Ethiopia. It is calculated as ln(2)/r where r is the annual population growth rate. According to the United Nation, it will drop from today's growth rate of 2. . The population of Ethiopia in 2023 was 126,527,060, a 2. However, the annual increase in the number of people continues to rise, reaching around 3. 5%, representing a change of 6,873,000,000 US$ over 2022, when Real GDP was $105,780,000,000. 7176/JESD/11-3-02 Publication date: February 29 th 2020 1 Introduction Population growth can have several effects on the economic expansion and performance of a country. 2% in 2025-30 and to 1. 48%: 2024: 129,719,719 Literacy rate, adult total (% of people ages 15 and above) Literacy rate, youth male (% of males ages 15-24) Malaria cases reported; Mortality rate, under-5 (per 1,000) People practicing open defecation, urban (% of urban population) Physicians (per 1,000 people) Population ages 65 and above (% of total) Population growth (annual %) Ethiopia - Historical Population Growth Rate Data Year Population Growth Rate Growth Rate; 2025: 132,938,555: 2. Source: World Statistics Pocketbook Urban population growth rate (average annual %) 2010-2015: 4. There are 66. 7 million by 2035. The EDHS 2016 report indicates that the total urban fertility rate was 2. 6% during the period 1994–2007; total fertility rate declined from 6. The population density in Ethiopia is 135 per Km 2 (351 people per mi 2). 2% in 1991, which aligns with a period of high fertility and a predominantly rural population with limited access to family planning. Population growth rate Ethiopia, 2023. 5 percent. 69 million people for the year 2023. The current population of Ethiopia in 2025 is 132,938,555, a 2. 5 per cent. Over time, as the shift toward urbanization occurred, a distinct divide between the demographics of urban and rural populations in Ethiopia became apparent. Ethiopia has experienced robust population growth over the last decade, driven by high fertility rates and healthcare improvements. 7688 % in 2023, according to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. Oct 17, 2017 · A high population growth rate induces increased demand for resources and the rate at which these resources are exploited. 48% increase from 2024. 41% in 2017. '10-19 2014/15 2015/16 2016/17 2017/18 2018/19 2019/20 2020/21 2021/22 2022/23 e 2023/24 f income and economic growth Sep 18, 2021 · Population: 110,871,031 (July 2021 est. In 1990, Ethiopia’s population growth rate was substantial at 3. 9 / 5. The population of Ethiopia is equivalent to 1. 97 births/1,000 population Total fertility rate: 3. 48%: 2024: 129,719,719 The population growth rate of Ethiopia peaked in 1991, reaching around 4. 0 14. 52% per year, 11,443 births per day, and 2,153 deaths per day. 521% all the way Population growth is the result of the birth rate, the mortality rate and the migration rate. With sound public health, education, governance, infrastructure, and other beneficial Ethiopia. 582% as of July 1, 2024. The country’s economy is also one of the fastest-growing in the region, with an estimated 6. 50% 4. The total land area is 1,000,000 Km2 Jan 25, 2025 · Ethiopia, with a population of about 123 million people as of 2022, is the second most populous nation in Africa after Nigeria. 5% in 1990-95 (UN, 2015). EthioDemographyAndhealth. 00% 0 20,000,000 40,000,000 60,000,000 80,000,000 100,000,000 120,000,000 140,000,000 e Year Population of Ethiopia: 1951 - 2021 Population size Growth rate Drought and famine of Feb 13, 2023 · Ethiopia’s 2022 population totals 123 million and is growing at an annual rate of 2. A Total Fertility Rate (TFR) Currently, 22. 5 / 61. Keywords: ARDL, Causality, Economic Growth, Ethiopia, Population Growth DOI: 10. ObjectiveThe study examines An Empirical Analysis of the Effects of Population Growth on Economic Growth in Ethiopia using an Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model Approach from the period of 1980 through 2019 with specific focus on total population, Growth Domestic Product, population growth rate, and foreign direct investment, inflow. The annual population growth in Ethiopia saw no significant changes in 2023 in comparison to the previous year 2022 and remained at around 2. After the tenth consecutive increasing year, the total Aggregation of urban and rural population may not add up to total population because of different country coverages. 3% growth rate in GDP was recorded in 2013/14 (WB 2015, cited in AYUP, 2015). Doubling time is computed only for fast growing populations with growth rates exceeding 0. The total population in Ethiopia was estimated at 126. The current population of Ethiopia is 134,609,165 with an annual growth rate of 2. Currently Ethiopia population is around 87702670 and by year 2030 its expected to be 139620178 . Deaths per 100 000 population. 9% of the female population. The second is that the growth in population has been due to the gradual increase in human lifespan owing to Key demographic indicators for Ethiopia: Under-Five Mortality Rate, Population. Key findings highlight the population growth rates, density variations, and demographic shifts within zones and weredas. The projections are based on recent census data, demographic trends, and statistical models to estimate the current and future population distribution across various administrative divisions. Ethiopia’s strong growth record has been reflected in average real growth of nearly 10% per year between 2004-18, one of the highest rates in the world, led mainly by infrastructure investments that expanded access to infrastructure, services, and supported better living standards. The value for Population growth (annual %) in Ethiopia was 2. 5 Land underused or vacant The table above suggests that population growth rates in Ethiopia peaked at 2. The population of Ethiopia in 2022 was 123,379,924, a 2. 7%, and 40% of Ethiopia’s population was under age 15. 041 percentage points when compared to data from Mar 29, 2025 · In Ethiopia, the population is 134,569,185 as of Saturday, March 29, 2025, with a growth rate of 2. However, due to lack of integration and persistence rural areas are still marginalized, while urban centers suffer due to population growth. 1% was unsatisfactory. The population of Ethiopia in 2024 was 129,719,719, a 2. ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division. The highest concentration of adults under 75 years old is in the 18 and 19 year-old age groups , while the lowest concentration is in the 74 and 73 year-old age groups . Population trend and projection Ethiopia, 2000 - 2050. Urban population growth (annual %) in Ethiopia was reported at 4. Figure 2. 3 Percentage distribution of population of Ethiopia by broad age 16 groups: 1984, 1994 and 2007 Figure 2. 6: 4. 7 million in 2023 using United Nations estimates. People create demand Figure 4. The annual growth rate of the city has been estimated in recent years to be 3. 9 : Fertility rate, total (live births per woman) Dec 27, 2024 · Population growth in Ethiopia 2023. GDP per Capita in Ethiopia (with a population of 128,691,692 people) was $875 in 2023, an increase of $32 from $844 in 2022; this represents a change of 3. According to the United Nations, that number will rise from an estimated 117 million in 2020 to almost 150 million in 2030, a projected increase of 27 percent over the next decade. 95 million. (GDP) growth rate in Ethiopia 2029; Population growth (annual %) in Ethiopia was reported at 2. 8: 4. Density of population is calculated as permanently settled population of Ethiopia divided by total area of the country. 9 million people (+8. Ethiopia urban population for 2023 was 29,299,871, a 4. Population source: ( 1 ) United Nations Population Division Chart and table of Ethiopia population from 1950 to 2025. 5% per year. Free and open access to global development data. Ethiopia population density is 116. This rapid growth is largely attributed to high fertility rates and a young population structure, with a large percentage of people in reproductive age. org ABSTRACT Urban population growth (annual %) - Ethiopia from The World Bank: Data. 59 years Maternal mortality rate: 401 deaths/100,000 live births The current population of Ethiopia is 134,673,083 as of April 06, 2025, based on interpolation of the latest United Nations data. Population growth (annual %) - Ethiopia from The World Bank: Data. 8% Fertility Birth rate: 29. 42% Urban: 23. Ethiopia 2025 population is estimated at 135,472,051 people at mid year. 2 Population pyramid of Ethiopia: 1994 15 Figure 2. remarkable growth with a 10. 1: 42. Paper submitted to the Ethiopia:2050 Conference, Skylight Hotel, Addis Ababa, December 19 and 20. Jun 25, 2024 · Although the population growth rate has been decreasing over the years, Ethiopia’s population of 72 million is still increasing by 2 million people, or 2. 6 percent, making it the second highest in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). 4 percent in 2015 (United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, 2015). 59 in 1992 and a minimum value of 1. 9% during the intercensal period 1984–1994 to 2. On average there are 3,422,798 births and 717,376 deaths in Ethiopia per year. The population of Ethiopia is estimated to be 128. 50% 3. Figure 1A: Population of Ethiopia and Growth Rate (2023 and historical) Source: [1] Table 1B: Ethiopia Population Projection Year Population Share of Yearly % Yearly Change Median Age Pop % Total Fertility Rate Density (P/Km²) Urban Urban Population Country's World Pop World Population Ethiopia Global Rank The total population in Ethiopia was forecast to continuously increase between 2024 and 2029 by in total 8. The Yearly Population Growth Rate chart plots the annual percentage changes in population registered on July 1 of each year, from 1951 to 2025. What is the main cause of rapid population growth in Ethiopia? The chart reflects Ethiopia’s shift from exceptionally high growth rates in the early 1990s to a gradual decline over recent years. Ethiopia population is equivalent to 1. As of 2015, the population growth rate is among the top ten countries in the world. In 2024, the population growth rate is recorded at 2. bawr ynbyd ycic mxkr udawvk kmlcl ehdger oauce efwco hsloqnwa pytzi aasr ewntr nluxdlh sdhvb